| Stations: |
Precipitation |
| Zumarraga (420 m, Spain) |
0.4 mm |
| Zumaia (28 m, Spain) |
2.0 mm |
| Zell am See (767 m, Austria) |
12.0 mm |
| Zeebrugge (9 m, Belgium) |
0.1 mm |
| Ylinenjarvi (132 m, Sweden) |
3.3 mm |
| Wimmis (571 m, Switzerland) |
3.0 mm |
| Wick (39 m, UK) |
5.2 mm |
| Wetterpark Offenbach (118 m, Germany) |
0.6 mm |
| Westermarkelsdorf (3 m, Germany) |
4.0 mm |
| Wernigerode (234 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Weissfluhjoch (2601 m, Switzerland) |
0.7 mm |
| Warth (1471 m, Austria) |
0.5 mm |
| Warsaw - Okecie (106 m, Poland) |
0.1 mm |
| Warburg (235 m, Germany) |
0.2 mm |
| Waldmünchen (498 m, Germany) |
1.0 mm |
| Vossevangen (55 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Voorschoten (0 m, Netherlands) |
0.2 mm |
| Vojens Airport (47 m, Denmark) |
3.0 mm |
| Vitoria-Gasteiz (510 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Villars-Tiercelin (859 m, Switzerland) |
0.4 mm |
| Vichy/Charmeil (249 m, France) |
6.2 mm |
| Vevey (405 m, Switzerland) |
6.0 mm |
| Vega-Vallsjo (9 m, Norway) |
16.0 mm |
| Varkaus (83 m, Finland) |
0.3 mm |
| Vangsnes (51 m, Norway) |
9.0 mm |
| Vals (1242 m, Switzerland) |
1.0 mm |
| Valle (302 m, Norway) |
0.3 mm |
| Valbella (1569 m, Switzerland) |
3.0 mm |
| Vaagsli (822 m, Norway) |
4.5 mm |
| Växjö (200 m, Sweden) |
3.0 mm |
| Våland (72 m, Norway) |
3.3 mm |
| Upsanger Lake (32 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Ulrichstein (350 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Ullensvang Forsoks. (12 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Tysofte (12 m, Denmark) |
3.0 mm |
| Tynset-hansmoen (484 m, Norway) |
6.3 mm |
| Tveitsund (255 m, Norway) |
0.3 mm |
| Tullinge (45 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Tryvasshogda (515 m, Norway) |
0.2 mm |
| Trysil Vegstasjon (361 m, Norway) |
1.0 mm |
| Trondheim Airport (53 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Trondheim (127 m, Norway) |
9.0 mm |
| Tromsø Airport (10 m, Norway) |
0.3 mm |
| Tromsø (115 m, Norway) |
1.1 mm |
| Trier/Petrisberg (265 m, Germany) |
0.3 mm |
| Trabzon (34 m, Turkey) |
17.0 mm |
| Tours/St Symphorien (112 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Toruń (72 m, Poland) |
2.0 mm |
| Torpshammar (100 m, Sweden) |
2.0 mm |
| Tomtabacken (356 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Tiree Island (12 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| Tinizong-Rona (987 m, Switzerland) |
0.9 mm |
| Tingvoll-Hanem (405 m, Norway) |
16.0 mm |
| Thomastown (72 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| Tholey (385 m, Germany) |
0.3 mm |
| Thamshavn (4 m, Norway) |
11.0 mm |
| Tasiilaq (52 m, Greenland) |
14.6 mm |
| Tarbes/Ossun (364 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Takle (38 m, Norway) |
35.0 mm |
| Tagdalen (450 m, Norway) |
22.0 mm |
| Tafjord (17 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Tórshavn (61 m, Denmark) |
1.2 mm |
| Tännäs (724 m, Sweden) |
7.2 mm |
| Tänikon (538 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Sveg (359 m, Sweden) |
0.9 mm |
| Svartbyn (62 m, Sweden) |
5.0 mm |
| Susendal-Bjormo (406 m, Norway) |
9.0 mm |
| Sumy (181 m, Ukraine) |
0.3 mm |
| Stryn (208 m, Norway) |
15.0 mm |
| Straumsnes (200 m, Norway) |
1.7 mm |
| Storon (4 m, Sweden) |
4.0 mm |
| Stornoway (15 m, UK) |
3.0 mm |
| Storlien (585 m, Sweden) |
9.2 mm |
| Stora Spansberget (493 m, Sweden) |
0.3 mm |
| Stavanger/Sola (9 m, Norway) |
2.0 mm |
| St Dizier/Robinson (140 m, France) |
1.0 mm |
| St Bees Head (123 m, UK) |
0.4 mm |
| Spadeadam II (286 m, UK) |
3.6 mm |
| South Uist Range (4 m, UK) |
1.4 mm |
| Solendet (760 m, Norway) |
5.4 mm |
| Soknedal (299 m, Norway) |
10.0 mm |
| Sognefjellet (1415 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Skamdal (5 m, Norway) |
19.2 mm |
| Skagsudde (11 m, Sweden) |
0.4 mm |
| Sjaelsmark (41 m, Denmark) |
1.0 mm |
| Sion Airport (481 m, Switzerland) |
0.9 mm |
| Sillian (1084 m, Austria) |
5.0 mm |
| Shap (249 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Setsa (8 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Seljelia (124 m, Norway) |
21.0 mm |
| Selbu (162 m, Norway) |
8.6 mm |
| Seefeld in Tirol (1184 m, Austria) |
0.8 mm |
| Sarpsborg (57 m, Norway) |
0.2 mm |
| San Sebastian / Igueldo (259 m, Spain) |
6.0 mm |
| San Bernardino (1638 m, Switzerland) |
4.0 mm |
| Samsun (0 m, Turkey) |
1.0 mm |
| Saltdal (37 m, Norway) |
6.0 mm |
| Saittarova (240 m, Sweden) |
2.3 mm |
| Saint-Yan (242 m, France) |
22.0 mm |
| Saint-Sauveur (32 m, France) |
3.0 mm |
| Saint-Girons (412 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Saint-Brieuc Armor (138 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Saerheim (87 m, Norway) |
3.5 mm |
| Saarbrücken/Ensheim (320 m, Germany) |
0.2 mm |
| Słubice (24 m, Poland) |
0.5 mm |
| Rudolfshütte (2310 m, Austria) |
2.0 mm |
| Roldalsfjellet (1010 m, Norway) |
28.0 mm |
| Ritsem (533 m, Sweden) |
2.4 mm |
| Reykjavík (53 m, Iceland) |
0.1 mm |
| Reutte (843 m, Austria) |
41.0 mm |
| Rensjon (493 m, Sweden) |
6.4 mm |
| Rena-Haugedalen (238 m, Norway) |
2.0 mm |
| Reims - Prunay Aerodrome (96 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Redesdale Camp (212 m, UK) |
1.0 mm |
| Rauris (935 m, Austria) |
0.6 mm |
| Ranua (161 m, Finland) |
2.2 mm |
| Radstadt-Tandlier (835 m, Austria) |
0.2 mm |
| RAF West Freugh (10 m, UK) |
0.8 mm |
| Rödkallen (2 m, Sweden) |
9.0 mm |
| Røst Airport (4 m, Norway) |
1.0 mm |
| Rångedala (299 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Quimper (94 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Puumala (98 m, Finland) |
0.1 mm |
| Puolanka Paljakka (341 m, Finland) |
1.3 mm |
| Punta Galea Golf (90 m, Spain) |
0.7 mm |
| Pully (456 m, Switzerland) |
0.5 mm |
| Prestwick (27 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Portglenone (65 m, UK) |
0.4 mm |
| Porsgrunn (90 m, Norway) |
0.1 mm |
| Polientes (720 m, Spain) |
0.2 mm |
| Poitiers/Biard (120 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Ploumanac'h (58 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Ploudalmézeau (10 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Piz Martegnas (2670 m, Switzerland) |
9.0 mm |
| Pite-Ronnskar (4 m, Sweden) |
14.0 mm |
| Piotta (1016 m, Switzerland) |
10.0 mm |
| Pelzerhaken/Neustadt i.H. (1 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Payerne (490 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Pau Pyrénées Airport (183 m, France) |
0.6 mm |
| Patscherkofel (2254 m, Austria) |
0.1 mm |
| Orly Airport (90 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Charles de Gaulle Airport (112 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Pajala (166 m, Sweden) |
2.2 mm |
| Paharova (229 m, Sweden) |
2.5 mm |
| Oviedo (339 m, Spain) |
1.0 mm |
| Ushant (68 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Osterfeld (246 m, Germany) |
0.5 mm |
| Oron (829 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Orléans (125 m, France) |
0.6 mm |
| Oppdal/Seter (606 m, Norway) |
0.2 mm |
| Onton (34 m, Spain) |
0.3 mm |
| Olsztyn (137 m, Poland) |
2.0 mm |
| Obrestad Lighthouse (25 m, Norway) |
2.8 mm |
| Nyon (Changins) (455 m, Switzerland) |
3.0 mm |
| Nuuk Airport (84 m, Greenland) |
1.3 mm |
| Nordnesfjellet (700 m, Norway) |
0.6 mm |
| Niort (61 m, France) |
0.6 mm |
| Nikkaluokta (468 m, Sweden) |
8.0 mm |
| Nedre Vats (65 m, Norway) |
19.0 mm |
| Nattavaara (327 m, Sweden) |
3.3 mm |
| Nantes Atlantique Airport (27 m, France) |
1.0 mm |
| Nancy/Ochey (337 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Nancy/Essey (229 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Namsskogan (140 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Naimakka (402 m, Sweden) |
0.7 mm |
| Naetschen (2284 m, Switzerland) |
2.0 mm |
| Myken Lighthouse (13 m, Norway) |
8.5 mm |
| Muret - Lherm Aerodrome (190 m, France) |
0.4 mm |
| Mullingar (104 m, Ireland) |
0.4 mm |
| Mosjøen Kjaerstad (73 m, Norway) |
10.0 mm |
| Mora (197 m, Sweden) |
0.4 mm |
| Montagnier/Bagnes (1036 m, Switzerland) |
8.0 mm |
| Mont-de-Marsan (60 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Moléson (1974 m, Switzerland) |
2.1 mm |
| Modalen Iii (125 m, Norway) |
6.2 mm |
| Mjølfjell (695 m, Norway) |
14.0 mm |
| Mjóifjörður (11 m, Iceland) |
0.1 mm |
| Mikołajki (132 m, Poland) |
5.0 mm |
| Mikkeli (138 m, Finland) |
0.4 mm |
| Midtstova (1162 m, Norway) |
24.0 mm |
| Metz-Nancy-Lorraine (264 m, France) |
1.6 mm |
| Mettlen (940 m, Switzerland) |
32.0 mm |
| Meråker -Egge (169 m, Norway) |
11.0 mm |
| Meiringen (589 m, Switzerland) |
4.0 mm |
| Marstein (67 m, Norway) |
11.0 mm |
| Marsens (715 m, Switzerland) |
0.7 mm |
| Maria Alm (796 m, Austria) |
0.4 mm |
| Mannen (1294 m, Norway) |
14.0 mm |
| Mandal (10 m, Norway) |
1.1 mm |
| Malung (305 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Malin Head (25 m, Ireland) |
0.9 mm |
| Mala-Brannan (363 m, Sweden) |
6.0 mm |
| Magilligan (6 m, UK) |
1.4 mm |
| Magdeburg Airport (76 m, Germany) |
0.6 mm |
| Machrihanish (10 m, UK) |
1.0 mm |
| Mace Head (23 m, Ireland) |
0.2 mm |
| Mâcon (217 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Mława (149 m, Poland) |
0.3 mm |
| Lycksele (211 m, Sweden) |
15.0 mm |
| Lungo (18 m, Sweden) |
0.5 mm |
| Luleå (17 m, Sweden) |
7.0 mm |
| Lough Fea (225 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| Lossiemouth (6 m, UK) |
0.2 mm |
| Losistua (740 m, Norway) |
0.6 mm |
| Logroño (363 m, Spain) |
0.4 mm |
| Loch Glascarnoch (264 m, UK) |
12.0 mm |
| Locarno/Monti (367 m, Switzerland) |
6.0 mm |
| Locarno Airport (198 m, Switzerland) |
21.0 mm |
| Ljungby (148 m, Sweden) |
4.2 mm |
| List/Sylt (26 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Lindenberg b. Beeskow (98 m, Germany) |
0.8 mm |
| Lillehammer-Saetherengen (239 m, Norway) |
1.4 mm |
| Liarvatn (300 m, Norway) |
21.5 mm |
| Les Charbonnières (1045 m, Switzerland) |
0.4 mm |
| Lerwick (84 m, UK) |
5.0 mm |
| Leknes (26 m, Norway) |
4.0 mm |
| Le Talut (43 m, France) |
3.2 mm |
| Latsch (1408 m, Switzerland) |
0.7 mm |
| Latnivaara (453 m, Sweden) |
3.1 mm |
| Langoe (4 m, Denmark) |
0.1 mm |
| Langnau im Emmental (745 m, Switzerland) |
0.6 mm |
| Landivisiau (115 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Laksfors (50 m, Norway) |
11.0 mm |
| Lakatraesk (186 m, Sweden) |
3.0 mm |
| Lago di Robièi (1891 m, Switzerland) |
0.3 mm |
| Lachen (468 m, Switzerland) |
0.9 mm |
| La Rochelle Airport (20 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| La Roche-sur-Yon (90 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Cap de la Hague (12 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| La Fretaz (1206 m, Switzerland) |
17.0 mm |
| La Dôle (1670 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Lærdal (4 m, Norway) |
2.8 mm |
| Kvithammer (40 m, Norway) |
8.0 mm |
| Kvikkjokk Arrenjarka (317 m, Sweden) |
7.0 mm |
| Kvarn (74 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Kvamsoy (49 m, Norway) |
7.0 mm |
| Kuggoren (10 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Kufstein (493 m, Austria) |
2.0 mm |
| Kristiansand Airport (17 m, Norway) |
0.2 mm |
| Krimml (1011 m, Austria) |
2.0 mm |
| Krangede (184 m, Sweden) |
4.7 mm |
| Kotsoy (127 m, Norway) |
11.9 mm |
| Korsvattnet (717 m, Sweden) |
17.0 mm |
| Kongsvinger (148 m, Norway) |
1.5 mm |
| Koebenhavn/Roskilde (43 m, Denmark) |
2.0 mm |
| Ireland West Airport (209 m, Ireland) |
2.1 mm |
| Kloten (284 m, Sweden) |
2.0 mm |
| Klevavatnet (960 m, Norway) |
27.0 mm |
| Klövsjö (803 m, Sweden) |
5.8 mm |
| Kjobli I Snasa (195 m, Norway) |
7.9 mm |
| Kittila Pokka (272 m, Finland) |
3.0 mm |
| Kittilä (181 m, Finland) |
1.4 mm |
| Kirkwall Airport (21 m, UK) |
5.0 mm |
| Keswick (81 m, UK) |
1.0 mm |
| Katterjåkk (516 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Katschberg (1633 m, Austria) |
0.4 mm |
| Karlsborg Air Base (94 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Karesuando (332 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Kalwang (740 m, Austria) |
0.1 mm |
| Kahler Asten (839 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Köflach (463 m, Austria) |
0.3 mm |
| Kętrzyn (110 m, Poland) |
0.1 mm |
| Junsele (221 m, Sweden) |
11.3 mm |
| Jonshøgdi (455 m, Norway) |
15.0 mm |
| Jokkmokk (275 m, Sweden) |
7.9 mm |
| Joensuu (119 m, Finland) |
1.0 mm |
| Jarnasklubb (7 m, Sweden) |
6.0 mm |
| Jan Mayen (9 m, Norway) |
28.5 mm |
| Itzehoe (21 m, Germany) |
0.3 mm |
| Islay/Port Ellen (17 m, UK) |
2.2 mm |
| Isenvad (62 m, Denmark) |
0.2 mm |
| Interlaken (577 m, Switzerland) |
25.0 mm |
| Innsbruck Airport (585 m, Austria) |
11.0 mm |
| Innsbruck Airport (581 m, Austria) |
6.0 mm |
| Ilanz (698 m, Switzerland) |
9.0 mm |
| Humain (296 m, Belgium) |
0.8 mm |
| Hultsfred Airport (112 m, Sweden) |
0.1 mm |
| Hovden-lundane (836 m, Norway) |
4.4 mm |
| Hoting (241 m, Sweden) |
12.0 mm |
| Hospental (1438 m, Switzerland) |
4.0 mm |
| Horta (62 m, Portugal) |
1.0 mm |
| Horsens (24 m, Denmark) |
2.0 mm |
| Hornsund (12 m, Norway) |
16.0 mm |
| Hopen (10 m, Norway) |
13.0 mm |
| Hoherodskopf (743 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Hohenpeißenberg (977 m, Germany) |
2.0 mm |
| Hjerkinn (1012 m, Norway) |
2.0 mm |
| Hjartasen (251 m, Norway) |
21.4 mm |
| Hitra (13 m, Norway) |
19.0 mm |
| Helsingborg (44 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Haukelisaeter Broyt (990 m, Norway) |
14.0 mm |
| Harstad (45 m, Norway) |
1.2 mm |
| Harsfjarden (3 m, Sweden) |
0.5 mm |
| Haparanda (15 m, Sweden) |
4.0 mm |
| Hamra (455 m, Sweden) |
2.0 mm |
| Hammerfest (81 m, Norway) |
0.4 mm |
| Hamar Airport (222 m, Norway) |
0.3 mm |
| Hamar (132 m, Norway) |
0.8 mm |
| Hallhaxasen (376 m, Sweden) |
7.4 mm |
| Hallands Väderö (10 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Hagshult (169 m, Sweden) |
3.0 mm |
| Hörnli (1124 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Hønefoss (140 m, Norway) |
0.9 mm |
| Hästveda (104 m, Sweden) |
0.4 mm |
| Gvarv (93 m, Norway) |
0.1 mm |
| Gustavsfors (188 m, Sweden) |
0.2 mm |
| Gurteen (76 m, Ireland) |
0.2 mm |
| Gunnarn (277 m, Sweden) |
13.0 mm |
| Guipavas (99 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Gubbhogen (310 m, Sweden) |
14.0 mm |
| Grotli Iii (872 m, Norway) |
3.3 mm |
| Great St Bernard (2472 m, Switzerland) |
0.7 mm |
| Grono (324 m, Switzerland) |
38.0 mm |
| Graciosa Aerodrome (31 m, Portugal) |
0.1 mm |
| Grächen (1619 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Gourdon (261 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Gniben Point (16 m, Denmark) |
0.2 mm |
| Glasgow Bishopton (59 m, UK) |
1.2 mm |
| Glarus (470 m, Switzerland) |
20.0 mm |
| Giswil (475 m, Switzerland) |
0.9 mm |
| Giresun (37 m, Turkey) |
4.5 mm |
| Gielas (577 m, Sweden) |
10.0 mm |
| Giessen (202 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Genthin (35 m, Germany) |
1.0 mm |
| Geneva Airport (420 m, Switzerland) |
1.0 mm |
| Geisenheim (110 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Geilo-oldebraten (773 m, Norway) |
0.1 mm |
| Gedser Odde (5 m, Denmark) |
6.1 mm |
| Gartland (95 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Garmisch-Partenkirchen (719 m, Germany) |
16.0 mm |
| Güeñes (208 m, Spain) |
0.7 mm |
| Göschenen (1099 m, Switzerland) |
3.0 mm |
| Gävle (5 m, Sweden) |
0.3 mm |
| Gällivare (360 m, Sweden) |
6.0 mm |
| Furuneset (7 m, Norway) |
32.0 mm |
| Frutigen (753 m, Switzerland) |
0.8 mm |
| Frosta (70 m, Norway) |
13.0 mm |
| Fredrika (327 m, Sweden) |
8.0 mm |
| Frankfurt- Hahn Airport (497 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Fossmark (10 m, Norway) |
33.0 mm |
| Floda (33 m, Sweden) |
0.4 mm |
| Flakkebjerg (34 m, Denmark) |
2.0 mm |
| Fjaerland Bremuseet (3 m, Norway) |
20.0 mm |
| Fister_sigmundstad (25 m, Norway) |
17.0 mm |
| Finse (1208 m, Norway) |
7.0 mm |
| Finner Camp (35 m, Ireland) |
2.2 mm |
| Figueras Castropol (40 m, Spain) |
0.8 mm |
| Fey (728 m, Switzerland) |
0.1 mm |
| Fagernes (365 m, Norway) |
1.3 mm |
| Föllinge (362 m, Sweden) |
7.3 mm |
| Fåvang (200 m, Norway) |
1.4 mm |
| Evreux/Fauville (138 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Evionnaz (482 m, Switzerland) |
0.5 mm |
| Punta de Estaca de Bares (80 m, Spain) |
0.4 mm |
| Eskdalemuir (236 m, UK) |
6.8 mm |
| Ernage (157 m, Belgium) |
0.1 mm |
| Erfurt- Weimar Airport (316 m, Germany) |
0.1 mm |
| Engelberg (1039 m, Switzerland) |
5.0 mm |
| Embrun (876 m, France) |
15.6 mm |
| Elsenborn (570 m, Belgium) |
0.2 mm |
| Elm (958 m, Switzerland) |
20.0 mm |
| Elgoibar (120 m, Spain) |
0.1 mm |
| Einsiedeln (912 m, Switzerland) |
0.2 mm |
| Eik Hove (66 m, Norway) |
2.0 mm |
| Edsbyn (185 m, Sweden) |
1.0 mm |
| Dublin Airport (85 m, Ireland) |
0.5 mm |
| Dublin Csmt Aero (97 m, Ireland) |
0.6 mm |
| Drumalbin (245 m, UK) |
2.0 mm |
| Dravagen (566 m, Sweden) |
4.0 mm |
| Drammen Berskog (8 m, Norway) |
0.7 mm |
| Dourbes (233 m, Belgium) |
0.2 mm |
| Dornbirn (407 m, Austria) |
0.3 mm |
| Dombås (638 m, Norway) |
3.2 mm |
| Dividalen II (204 m, Norway) |
3.8 mm |
| Disentis/Sedrun (1198 m, Switzerland) |
9.0 mm |
| Dinard/Pleurtuit (59 m, France) |
0.2 mm |
| Diepenbeek (39 m, Belgium) |
0.1 mm |
| Delsbo (72 m, Sweden) |
0.3 mm |
| Dax (33 m, France) |
0.8 mm |
| Davos (1594 m, Switzerland) |
3.0 mm |
North - South